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Hayward

August 5, 2022 • By Kevin Alvarez

Coping with Inflation

Inflation continues to put pressure on household budgets. From groceries to gas, record-breaking inflation means the purchasing power of your money is decreasing each month. Below you will find guidance on how to best navigate a time with high inflation.

1. Take Inventory of your full financial picture. Has your household income changed? have you adjusted your budget for rising groceries, transportation, or other expenses? Check your existing budget to see where you stand and where your money is going. If you don't have a budget, it can help to create a simple spending plan or roadmap of monthly expenses. A good place to start is to use resources like a budgeting worksheet track your monthly income against current expenses.

2. Continue to build an emergency fund to tap into when unexpected circumstances arise like a medical expense or costly home repair. An emergency fund helps reduce the chance of taking on debt to cover an unplanned expense. It might be tempting to pause monthly savings as rising prices take a bigger bite out of your monthly budget, but resist the urge. Put savings on auto pilot with each paycheck. Even a small amount will add up over time.

3. Prioritize monthly spending in a time of rising prices. Rethink certain monthly expenses such as subscription or streaming services. According to researchers, the average household has 4.5 streaming services and spends an average of $55 on them per month. This may not seem like much, yet $55 a month adds up to more than $600 per year. If you’re trying to cut expenses in the face of higher prices, ditching underused subscriptions can be a good place to start. As essentials get more expensive, figure out your new baseline. Limit credit card use and curb discretionary spending (dining out, entertainment). GreenPath’s Aligning Priorities workbook can help you make these decisions.

4. Monitor debt, especially as interest rates rise. Paying off high-interest credit card debt saves you money in interest, improves your credit score, and frees up room in your budget. Choose a debt payoff strategy that works for your situation. Consider GreenPath’s Debt Management Plan which helps you pay off unsecured debt in 3 to 5years. GreenPath can work with many creditors to bring your ac-counts current, lower interest rates, and eliminate fees.

5. Shop smart. Research the best sales, coupons, and specials, especially on products that are low in inventory. Check dollar stores for deals on household items and stock up on those items where possible. Bulk retailers or wholesale clubs might be a good way to stock up on items in large quantities for a lower per-use cost. Strategically plan your higher-cost purchases. Swap out brand-name items for generic as much as possible.

6. Keep tabs on your credit history. In times of rising prices, it pays to keep tabs on credit history, which is used to calculate your credit scores. The three digit number of your credit score helps determine whether lenders approve you for new credit and what interest rates they offer. Annualcreditreport.com is a trusted “one-stop-shop” to check your reports from Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion – the three industry-standard credit bureaus. You can also work with GreenPath to review your credit history.

7. Get independent guidance from a nonprofit financial counseling agency like GreenPath. Counselors look at your entire financial picture to help you ease financial stress and uncertainty, through access to clear information and a personalized action plan.

Information brought to you by our partner, GreenPath Financial Wellness

GreenPath Financial Wellness

July 1, 2022 • By Kevin Alvarez

Credit Scores: How Lenders Use Them

We’ve all heard of credit scores.  But what are they? How do lenders use credit scores?

Your credit score is a number based on a formula using the information in your credit report. The result is an accurate forecast of how likely you are to pay your bills.

Credit scores are widely used. If you’ve gotten a loan, a credit card, or even auto insurance, the rate you paid was directly related to your credit score. The higher the score, the better you look to lenders. People with the highest scores get the lowest interest rates.

Defining Credit Risk

Credit scores look at information that can predict your future behavior. If you have been paying your bills on time for the past 25 years, you're likely a low-risk person to lend to, In contrast, imagine you got your first credit card two years ago and have had four late payments during that time. Your balance on the card is at the credit limit. You have applied for new credit four times in the last six months. Based on these facts, you will have a lower score, and are considered a higher risk.

Most lenders in the United States use the FICO credit scoring system. This system gives weight to different parts of the credit report. Recent payment history carries more weight than applying for credit.

Credit Score

Why Lenders Use Credit Scores

Before credit scores, lenders looked directly at your credit report. A lender may have denied credit based on a biased judgement. This method was also time-consuming. Lenders used personal opinions to make a decision about an applicant that had nothing to do with their ability to repay the loan.

Today, credit scores assess risk more fairly because they are consistent and objective. Consumers also benefit. No matter who you are, your credit score reflects only your likelihood to repay debt.

Understanding Credit Scores

What are the credit score factors?

  • Your total debt
  • Types of accounts
  • How many accounts you have open
  • Number of late payments
  • Age of Accounts

Understanding these factors is key to improving your credit score. The factors help you to improve credit history to become low risk.

Credit scores can and do change. Often, a negative item on a credit report can result in a quick and sudden decrease in the score. However, improving a credit score usually takes time and patience. There is no "quick fix" for damaged credit.


Information brought to you by our partner, Greenpath Financial Wellness

GreenPath Financial Wellness

April 11, 2022 • By Kevin Alvarez

Financial Terms To Teach Your Kids

It’s never too early to start teaching your kids about finances. After all, it is a topic they will use for the rest of their life. Breaking down some the key financial terms will help them have an understanding of a few fundamental concepts.

Here are some terms you can teach your child and why it’s important for them to know.

Budget

What is a budget?

A budget is a plan that helps you keep track of your money and where it goes. One way parents like to teach kids how to budget is to categorize money into three “buckets”: give, save, and spend.

Why is a budget Important?

A budget allows you to plan out your finances for the future and ensures you’ll have enough money to pay for all your “needs” and, if you have money left-over, to pay for all your “wants”. It provides structure towards reaching a financial goal, such as saving for a video game system, a vacation or even a college education.

Checking Account

What is a Checking Account?

A checking account is a contractual relationship between you and your financial institution where you can make day to day transactions. The financial institution holds your money in a safe place and helps to facilitate your purchases. You are responsible for handling your account wisely by not overspending the money you have in your account.

Why is a Checking Account Important?

A checking account makes your money accessible and serves as a way to keep track of your spending. It also keeps your money safe, meaning it can’t be lost, stolen or damaged. Institutions must be insured in order to operate, so there’s no risk and much safer than carrying cash.

Credit and Credit History

What is Credit?

Credit is a way to borrow money (such as a credit card or loan) with the agreement of paying it back in full, plus interest. Paying back the borrowed amount on time is reflected on your credit report/history. One important concept to remember is that credit isn’t free and should only be used if you’re able to pay it back right away.

Why is Credit History Important?

Developing good credit history allows lenders see how responsible you are when it comes to paying that money back. The more on-time payments you make, the better your credit becomes, making it easier to borrow money in the future, rent an apartment, or even get a job.

Credit Score

What Is a Credit Score (also known as FICO Score)?

A credit score is a number that lenders use to measure your credit worthiness. Your credit score is influenced by a number of things such as the amount of open credit accounts, overall amount of debt you have and your repayment history (making payments on-time). Credit scores range from 300 to 850 and lenders use these scores to determine how much risk they will take on when lending to you. The higher your credit score, the lower your interest rate will be (less risk) and vice-versa; the lower your credit score, the higher your interest rate will be (more risk).

Why is a Credit Score Important?

The better the credit score, the easier it will be to reach life’s milestones. A good credit score can help you get a lower interest rate on a loan (like a car loan or mortgage), thus you pay less over the lifetime of the loan. A good credit score can even help you get an apartment or job. Overall, it pays to have a good credit score! Literally.

Loan

What is a Loan?

A loan is a sum of money that you borrow with an agreement to be paid back with interest. One way to help your child understand loans, is to explain why people take out loans in the first place. A great example is a car or mortgage loan. These items usually cost a lot of money, so it becomes necessary to borrow the money. Having that good credit score (as explained above) will help you get a lower interest rate on that loan, making it more affordable. Agreeing to the terms of a loan means you’re obligated to pay it back with the agreed upon interest. Failure to do so can be detrimental to your good credit.

Why Is Having a Loan Important?

Having a loan allows you to enjoy the item you borrowed money for right away. Rather than saving up $20,000 for a car, you can take out an auto loan to immediately have access to the vehicle and repay on a monthly basis until the loan has been paid off. Paying off loans strengthens your credit score and allows you to become prepared for any future or bigger purchases.

Debt

What is Debt?

Debt is money borrowed (a loan) which has not been paid off. Types of debt range from credit cards and student loans to major purchases such as vehicles and mortgages.

Why is Debt Good?

Borrowing money and having debt is typically the only manner in which some people will be able to purchase important high cost items such as a home or higher education. Debt is okay if it’s going to help you make money in the future, whereas taking on debt on items such as cars or clothes is not recommended based on the depreciating factor associated with these items.

Interest

What is Interest?

Interest has two sides; it is either something you pay (an interest rate on a loan) or something you earn (an interest rate on a savings account). Show your children the interest you pay on a loan, like a vehicle loan, each month. And then also show them that when you deposit money into a savings account (your “save bucket” from earlier) that the bank pays you for the deposits you place there.

Why is Interest important?

Whether you’re paying interest or earning interest, the amount of interest is important to understand. When obtaining a loan, you want to look for an institution that offers the best rate (lowest rate or APR). That combined with your good credit score will help you get the best deal. The same goes for deposits. When saving your money, you want to look for the highest yield (or APY). This will get you most amount of interest earned.

Taxes

What are Taxes?

Taxes serve as payment to the government and are used to pay for things like improving public schools and fixing the roads. Taxes are taken from your paycheck and the amount you pay depends on how much money you make. A great way to explain it is to relate it to their allowance. Take a small amount from their allowance and put it away to be used toward a household expense, like an improvement!

Why are Taxes Important?

Taxes are the main source of revenue for the government. Without taxes, funding for many of the public benefits we take advantage of every day would be impacted severely.

Youth Month

Save small. Dream big.

We're celebrating Youth Month all April long! Be sure to check out our blog each week or follow is on social media for a new youth financial literacy topic.

You can also check out our Youth Program to help get your child started on the path to smart money management.  

youth program

February 11, 2022 • By Kevin Alvarez

Here’s How An Auto Refinance Can Save You Money On Your Monthly Payment!

Did you know an Auto Refinance can provide instant savings on your monthly car payment? Maybe you already knew that? Either way, read through to see if there is something more you can add to your own financial strategy!

Here's an example of what an auto refinance is:

You pay off your auto loan balance from one lender and transfer the balance to another lender with a better rate and/or term.  For example, you have an auto loan with an APR of 7% and refinance with another lender to a new lower rate of 3%. The 4% drop in interest will provide you with a new lower monthly payment.

When it's best to refinance:

There are multiple opportunities in which it makes sense to refinance your auto loan. They are:

  • Pay less in interest - If you find a lower rate than what you’re currently paying, you could save in the amount of interest you pay over the life of the loan.
  • Lower payment - If you’re looking for a lower payment, a reduced rate and/or term extension could help.
  • Shortened term - If you’re looking to pay off your loan earlier and can afford the payments, a refinance can help direct that money toward principle while paying less in interest.

The cons to refinancing:

When making any financial decision, it’s always best to weigh the pros and cons of each situation.  When refinancing your auto loan, the option to extend your repayment period will allow for a lower monthly payment but it also extends the amount of interest owed. In general, you will pay more in interest over the life of the loan, even if your payments are smaller.  You can also risk owing more than the car is worth if you extend your term too long.  Use a financial calculator to compare your options.

Try Our Calculators

When deciding if a refinance is right for you, have a clear goal in mind.  Are you looking to reduce your payment, pay your loan off sooner, or maybe both!  You have options.  Do your research to find what other financial institutions have to offer; lower rates, no fees, and term options that work for you.  Run the numbers and take advantage of the tools that are available to you as a member of SafeAmerica Credit Union.

Refinance with us

As a member of SafeAmerica Credit Union, you can refinance your auto loan from another financial institution and take advantage of exclusive member-only savings.

  1. Great rates
  2. Flexible terms
  3. No fees

Auto Refinance

Learn more about our Auto Loans

February 4, 2022 • By Kevin Alvarez

Tax Return Delays Likely, Here’s What To Do This Tax Season

Tax season is fast approaching! The pandemic has affected production on a multitude of levels and has taught us to be prepared for any delays whether it be shopping in person or even online. The Internal Revenue Service has shared it is faced with backlogs of up to 6 million in unprocessed individual returns. This tax season could very well have delays we are not in favor with. To help alleviate the burdens of the IRS and improve our chances of receiving our returns in a decent time frame, the IRS strongly suggests you do the following:

Use Free Online Resources Provided By The IRS

Filing taxes always brings a myriad of questions; questions we never know who to direct to, but the IRS. For this year’s tax season the IRS has shared, instead of calling in with your questions, you can visit the IRS’ Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) and/or Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE). Both programs are managed by the IRS and staffed with IRS-certified volunteers, who must take and pass tax law training which meets or exceeds IRS standards. To learn more and find a location near you, click here.

File Your Taxes Electronically This Year

The IRS strongly suggests taxpayers file their tax return electronically along with their direct deposit information as soon as all their tax documents have been made available. Tax payers should also check on the accuracy of all their information. Filing a tax return with errors or one that is incomplete may add to the overall delay of receiving your tax return. For the latest IRS forms and instructions, you can visit the IRS website at IRS.gov/forms.

Expect To Receive IRS Letters This Tax Season

People receiving these letters should keep them. Do not throw them away. These letters can help taxpayers, or their tax professional prepare their 2021 federal tax return.

Letter 6419 - Advance Child Tax Credit Payments

Did you know the Child Tax Credits were actually advanced payments on your 2021 taxes? The tax credit was temporarily expanded from $2,000 to $3,600 and the government began to pay half of the available credit via monthly payments from July through December. Those who opted out of advance payments will be receiving full refund amounts.

Each individual, even those who file jointly, should have received letter 6419, 2021 Advance Child Tax Credit. The IRS began sending Letter 6419 via the United States Postal Service back in December 2021 and has continued into the month of January. This letter contains information such as the total Advance Child Tax Credit amount as well as the number of qualifying children used to calculate the overall amount. Anyone who did not receive any payments listed is instructed to call the IRS before filing a return.

Letter 6475 - Economic Impact Payment

Letter 6475, Third Economic Impact Payment (Stimulus Money) was also issued out to individuals who received a third payment in 2021, in late January. This letter is needed to provide verification to the IRS that the taxpayer received the money.

What if I never received Letter 6419 or Letter 6475?

As mentioned above, to ensure you receive your refund, you will need the information on both letters. If you are missing either letter you can use the child tax credits portal to verify the information you need.

You always have the option to call the IRS at 1-800-829-1040, but remember, delays are imminent and strongly suggested you complete all your tax needs, electronically.

For more important IRS information, you can click here.

Tips To Make Filing Easier

  • Gather all your 2021 tax records, Individual Tax Payer Identification Numbers, Adoption Taxpayer Identification Numbers, and this year’s Identity.
  • Set up or log in securely at IRS.gov/account to access personal account tax information including balance, payments, and tax records including adjusted gross income.
  • Individuals can use a bank account, prepaid debit card or mobile app to use direct deposit and will need to provide routing and account numbers.

Key Filing Dates

Below are important dates taxpayers should be aware of this season:

April 18 — Due date to file 2021 tax return or to request an extension and pay tax owed due to Emancipation Day holiday in Washington, D.C., even for those who live outside the area.

April 19 — Due date to file 2021 tax returns or request extension and pay tax owed for those who live in MA or ME due to Patriot’s Day holiday.

When it's time to file your return, remember that filing your taxes electronically and including your direct deposit information would result in the quickest possible return.

SafeAmerica Credit Union Members Save

Filing your taxes doesn't have to be taxing. As a Safeamerica Credit Union member, you now have more choices and more savings this tax season. We've partnered with TurboTax and H&R Block to help you file your way and get special member savings.

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The information in this article is for general educational purposes only and not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations. Please discuss your particular circumstances with an appropriate professional before taking action.

December 17, 2021 • By Kevin Alvarez

Get Your End-of-Year Financial Health Checkup

As the eagerly awaited holiday season gets underway, the end of the year is a great time to get a financial health checkup to make sure finances are on track.

With regular checkups, you can fix small problems before they become big issues.

This year-end keeping financially healthy is especially important due to many economic uncertainties related to inflation, inventory shortages, as well as the expiration of COVID relief programs put in place more than a year ago to help people manage through the pandemic.

Your Financial Health Checkup

Like a physical health checkup, a financial checkup examines your vital signs to be sure all is well when it comes to you financial health and wellness.

Do you have an emergency savings? How do your credit card balances look? Are you tracking monthly income and expenses? What does your credit score and history look like? These are a few of the vitals reviewed during an end-of-year financial checkup.

From an overall budget review to managing credit card debt, the caring, NFCC-certified counselors at GreenPath Financial Wellness will conduct a full review of your current financial fitness and provide recommended next steps for improving your financial health.

A financial checkup guides you to:

  1. Review Your Financial Goals: Has there been a significant life change this past year? A change in jobs, a marriage, divorce, home purchase or other big change can affect your overall financial picture. A check up is a good time to assess whether your current financial goals sync up with your overall situation.
  2. Understand Options to Move Forward after Relief Programs Expire: Loans that were deferred as part of COVID-related relief program need your attention. Deferments provided borrowers with a little breathing room, but now that the temporary pause in payments has expired, a checkup is a good opportunity to understand options, and take a closer look at not only any loans that were on pause, but also your entire financial picture.
  3. Manage Income and Expenses: One of the best ways to cope with inflation is to take the time to prioritize monthly spending. A spending plan helps to ensure that what you spend doesn't exceed what you make each month as prices rise. A financial checkup gives you a better understanding of your income and expenses. It can also be a time to set a spending plan to keep your finances on track and start saving for future goals.
  4. Pay Down Debt: A checkup is a good time to explore options to help you pay down credit card debt as well as options for managing other debts that may be on the horizon - such as expiring forbearances on mortgages or student loan payments.
  5. Assess Your Credit: Are you looking to take out a mortgage or make another large purchase in the New Year? A checkup is a great time to review your credi treport to see where you stand, and get tips to improve your score moving forward.

Your Checkup Starts Here

Your financial fitness is key to a healthy New Year. GreenPath's caring, certified counselors are committed to easing financial stress and worry through access to clear information.

For more information about financial wellness, visit our partner at GreenPath Financial Wellness.

Greenpath Financial Wellness

August 20, 2021 • By Kevin Alvarez

A Guide to Understanding Financial Terms

When reading about credit cards, mortgages, or other financial products, you may encounter financial terminology and acronyms that you aren’t familiar with. Please note, these descriptions are a guide only and are not legal definitions.

A


 

Adjustable-Rate Mortgage

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) is a mortgage that offers the borrower a fixed interest rate for a set amount of time. After that time expires, the interest rate on the remaining balance varies though out the life of the loan. Depending on the terms of the mortgage, the interest rate resets each month or year. This type of mortgage is also called a variable rate mortgage.

Annual Percentage Rate

The Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is the yearly cost of borrowing money. APR includes the interest and fees charged over a one-year period. Many types of debt include an APR such as credit cards, auto loans, mortgages and personal loans. The APR helps borrowers choose credit card offers, mortgages, loans, etc.

B


 

Balance

When referring to debt, a balance is the amount of money remaining to be repaid on a loan, credit card or mortgage. When the term "balance" refers to a checking or savings bank account, the balance is the amount of money present in the account.

Balance Transfer

A balance transfer refers to moving a balance from one account to another account, which is often an account at another financial institution. It most commonly describes transferring outstanding debt owed on a credit card to an account held at another credit card company.

Balloon Payment

A balloon payment is the money owed on a loan when the loan term expires (usually after 5-7 years). When the term is over, the borrower must pay a balloon payment for the total amount remaining on the loan, or the borrower can choose to refinance the loan for new terms and rates. Balloon loans sometimes allow the borrower to transfer the remaining amount automatically into a long-term mortgage.

Bankruptcy

When an individual or a company has debt that cannot be repaid, declaring bankruptcy gives the individual or company legal protection from the debts. Bankruptcy is a legal process that can offer relief from some or all debts, depending on the type of bankruptcy.

Budget

A budget is written plan that tracks monthly expenses and income. It is used to help manage finances, keep current with expenses and save money.

C


 

Card Holder

A card holder is the person who is issued a credit card, along with any authorized users. The primary card holder is responsible for credit card payments. Credit card holders are protected by the federal lending laws which protect consumer rights.

Cash Advance

A cash advance is a loan issued from a creditor. The most common cash advances are issued by a credit card or through a loan taken in advance of a paycheck. These types of cash advance loans charge special interest rates and fees on the amount of the advance.

Cash Advance Fee

A cash advance fee is a charge made by the bank or financial institution that the borrower owes after taking a cash advance loan. This fee could be either a one-time, flat fee that is owed at the time of the transaction or a fee charged as an annual percentage of the amount of the cash advance. Did you know SafeAmerica waves cash advance fees on our Visa Credit Cards? Click here to learn more.

Collateral

Collateral is an asset that a lender accepts as a security for a loan. If a borrower defaults on their loan payments, the lender has the right to seize the collateral and sell it to recoup any losses.

Collections

Collections occur when a creditor, or a business, like a utility company, sells past-due debt to an agency to recover the amount owed. The delinquent debt could be past due credit card debts, utility charges, medical bills, cell phone bills or other payments that are over 6 months past due. Collection agencies attempt to recover past due debts by contacting the borrower via phone and mail.

Conventional Mortgage or Loan

A conventional mortgage or conventional loan is available through a private lender or two government-sponsored enterprises-Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Conventional loans are considered risky because they are not guaranteed by the government. These mortgages can have strict requirements and higher interest rates and fees.

Credit

Credit refers to the money that is borrowed that the borrower will need to repay.

Credit Card Charge-Offs

Occurs when a borrower does not pay the full minimum payment on a debt for several months. At that time, the creditor writes it off as bad debt. Note that a credit card charge-off does not absolve a borrower of responsibility for the debt. Interest is still owed on the balance. even after a credit card charge-off, the lender could turn over the account to a collections agency.

Credit History

A person's credit history develops as they borrow, repay and manage their loan payments, expenses and other transactions. Future loans depend on a solid credit history, because lenders check this information.

Credit Report

A credit report is a statement that has information about a person's credit history, including loan paying history and the status of credit accounts. Lenders use credit reports to help them decide if they will loan money and what interest rates they will charge.

Credit Score

A credit score is a number based on a formula using the information in a person's credit report. The result is an accurate forecast of how likely that person is to pay bills or repay loans. Lenders use credit scores to determine what interest rate they will offer on credit cards, mortgages, car loans and other loans.

Creditor

A creditor is a person or institution that extends credit by lending a borrower money. The borrower agrees to repay the funds under the agreed upon terms.

D


 

Debt

Debt is money owed to a lender, such as debt from credit cards, student loans, or a mortgage.

Debt Consolidation

Debt Consolidation means that a person's debts, whether credit card bills or loan payments, are rolled into a new loan with one monthly payment, A debt consolidation loan does not erase debt. Borrowers might pay more by consolidating debt into another type of loan.

Debt Management plan

A debt management plan is when an organization works with creditors to reduce a borrower's monthly payment and interest rates. People working through a debt management typically take 3-to-5 years to pay off debt.

Debt Counseling

Borrowers receive debt counseling (also called credit counseling) when a trained credit counselor reviews their personal finances, debt and credit history to help manage financial challenges.

Debt Settlement

Debt Settlement is a process of negotiating with creditors to accept a percentage of the full amount of debt that is charged off or severely delinquent. For-profit debt settlement companies operate to deliver profits to their organization. As part of the for-profit business model, debt settlement employees are often paid on a commission basis, based on the fees they collect from consumers.

Default

A default on a loan occurs when a loan payment is not made by the borrower according to the payment terms of an agreement.

Deferment

A loan deferment is when a lender agrees that a borrower can pause making monthly payments for a set amount of time. Loans that are deferred are not forgiven. The borrower still owes the money and must repay the debt. Deferments are often available with student loans to provide the borrower with a set amount of time before making any payments.

Delinquent

When a borrower is late or overdue on making a payment, such as on payments to credit cards, a mortgage, an automobile loan or other debt, it is called delinquent. People who are delinquent, or late, with making payments may be charged a late fee.

F


 

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act is a set of laws that protect consumer rights during the debt collection process.

Fannie Mae

Fannie Mae, the informal name of the Federal National Mortgage Association, is a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprised that buys mortgages from lenders, bundles them intp investments and sells them on the secondary mortgage market. typically, Fannie Mae purchases home mortgages loans from commercial banks or big banks.

Finance Charge

A finance charge is the cost of borrowing money. The cost to a borrower includes interest and other fees. Lenders typically set finance charges as a percentage of the amount borrowed. Some lenders might set a flat fee finance charge.

Fixed Rate

A fixed rate is an interest rate that stays the same for the life of the loan, or for a portion of the loan term, depending on the loan agreement.

Forbearance

Forbearance is a process when a lender agrees to a lower payment or no payment for a temporary period of time. Forbearance is not loan forgiveness. After that time expires, the borrower may face higher payments, accrued interest or an extended loan term.

Foreclosure

Foreclosure is a legal proceeding that happens when a borrower does not make payments on a secured debt. The lender may start legal foreclosure proceedings to seize the property associated with the debt. As an example, default on a mortgage could result in foreclosure and auction of the property.

Freddie Mac

Freddie Mac, the informal name of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, is a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise that buys mortgages, combines them with other forms of loans, and sells the debt on the secondary mortgage market. Typically, Freddie Mac purchases home mortgage loans form smaller banks and lenders.

G


 

Grace Period

A grace period is a set period of time in which borrowers do not have to pay finance charges or interest if they pay balances in full. Revolving credit card lending provides a borrower with a grace period.

I


Interest

Interest refers to the cost of borrowing funds, paid to the lender by the borrower. Interest also means the profit that accrues to those who deposit funds in a savings account or investment.

Interest Rate

An interest rate is the fee lenders charge a borrower, calculated as a percentage of the loan amount. The percentage charged when borrowing money is known as the interest rate.

L


 

Loan

A loan is sum of money that is advanced to a borrower. The borrower agrees to specified terms such as finance charges, interest and repayment date. Some examples include auto and recreational vehicles loans, home loans, home equity loans, personal loans as well as student loans.

Loan Forgiveness

Loan forgiveness means a borrower is no longer obligated to make loan payments. With student debt loan forgiveness, the borrower must meet criteria such as actively serving in the military, performing volunteer work, teach or practice medicine in certain types of communities, or must meet other criteria specified by the forgiveness program.

Loss Mitigation

Loss mitigation is the process when mortgage servicers work with borrowers to avoid foreclosure.

Loan Modification

Loan modification is when a lender makes a permanent change to loan terms. The modifications could inlcude changing the interest rate, type of mortgage or extending the time to pay the mortgage balance.

M


 

Minimum Payment

The minimum payment is a payment made on a loan or credit card that is specified by the lenders as the smallest payment amount due. Borrowers can pay more than the minimum payment.

Mortgage

A mortgage is the loan a borrower takes in from a lender to purchase real estate.

P


 

Past Due

Past due is when a payment has not been made by its due date. Borrowers who are past due will usually face penalties and are subject to late fees.

Private Mortgage Insurance

Private mortgage insurance is a type of mortgage insurance that might be required for borrowers to pay for with a conventional loan. Private mortgage insurance protects the lender in the event a borrower stops making payments on the loan.

R


 

Reinstatement

Reinstatement refers to a lump sum payment that makes an account current when the borrower pays everything that is owed. This payment would include any missed payments and fees.

Refinance

Refinancing applies to all types of loans, this simply means you are replacing any existing debt and terms with a new set of debt and terms, most often with a lower interest rate than the original loan rate.

Repayment Plan

A repayment plan is a written agreement for borrowers who are past due on loan payments. This option allows the borrower to pay the late amount as a smaller addition to the regular monthly payment, spread out over several months.

Revolving Credit

Revolving credit is when a creditor increases the credit limit to an agreed level as a borrower pays off a debt, such as a credit card. Revolving credit may take the form of credit cards or lines of credit with other lenders.

S


Secured Debt

A secured debt is a loan that allows the lender to seize the asset or collateral used to acquire the debt to repay the funds advanced to the borrower in the event of default. Examples of secured debt are mortgages and auto loans.

Short Sale

A short sale is when a homeowner in financial distress sells property for less than the amount due on the mortgage.

U


Unsecured Debt/Unsecured Loan

Unsecured debt or an unsecured loan is a loan that is not backed by an asset or collateral. It is riskier than secured debt. The interest rate for unsecured debt is normally higher than secured debt.

V


Variable Rate Mortgages

A variable rate mortgage is a mortgage in which the initial interest rate is fixed for a period of time. After that period expires, the interest rate on the outstanding balances varies throughout the life of the loan. Depending on the terms of the mortgage, the interest rate resets each month or year. This type of mortgage is also referred to as an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).



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Sources:

https://www.greenpath.com/

https://www.debt.org/

https://www.investopedia.com/

https://www.consumerfinance.gov/practitioner-resources/youth-financial-education/

July 1, 2021 • By Kevin Alvarez

The 5 Factors That Affect Your Credit Score (And Simple Ways to Boost Them!)

Information is brought to you by our partner, GreenPath Financial Wellness

Whether you’re looking to get your first credit card for everyday expenses or take out a mortgage to purchase your first home, credit is an essential tool for helping people to meet their financial goals.

When applying for a line of credit, the higher your credit score, the more likely you will be to qualify, and the more options you will have available to you.

Here, we’ll breakdown the 5 factors that affect your credit — in order of most heavily weighted to least—and the simple  yet effective steps you can take to give your score a boost.

Understand Your Current Credit SnapShot.

Federal law requires each of the three nationwide consumer credit reporting companies -Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion -provide you a free credit report every 12 months if you ask for it. While these reports don't contain your actual score, they can be very helpful in identifying what might be affecting it (as well as any inaccurate information that may need correcting). Request yours at annualcreditreport.com.

1. Payment History (35%)

Payment history is the biggest single factor used to calculate your credit score. Late payments (even a couple of days), past due accounts, and accounts in collections all have a negative impact on your credit. Regular, on-time payment of the minimum amount (or greater) will improve your credit score. A non-time payment history in the range of 18 months or longer will begin to show results in a growing credit score.

Set up automatic payments.

If your late payments are due to forgetfulness, this is the easiest way to ensure you never miss a future payment.

Change your billing due date.

Suppose you have multiple bills due on the same day of the month. In that case, it may be worth changing your payment due date to align better with your personal situation (e.g.,spacing out bills to make them more manageable, or ensuring your payment date is after an income deposit date.)

Explore hardship/deferment options.

If you’re having trouble making ends meet, call your creditors and request a forbearance or payment deferral. They may also be able to waive late fees or even allow a lower payment for a period of time.

2. Amount Owed (30%)

Your credit utilization is determined by the amount you owe—not relative to your income but, compared to the total credit limit available to you, expressed as a percentage.(For example, if your card balance is $600 and you have a spending limit of $2,500, your credit utilization is $600/$2,500 or 24%.) As a rule of thumb, your credit utilization should be no more than 30.

Quick Tips for Improving Amount Owed:

Pay down your balance early.

If you can make small payments throughout the month, this can help keep your balance down and lower your credit utilization.

Decrease spending.

Find areas where you can cut back on spending to lower your utilization. Our Prioritizing Expenses Worksheet can help you to determine what to cut.

Ask for a credit line increase.

Increasing your credit limit is the simplest way to decrease your credit utilization with out having to cut back on spending.

3. Length of Credit History (15%)

Although not the most heavily weighted category, the length of a borrower’s credit history is important. It’s an indication to the financial institutions what kind of borrower you maybe in the future. In addition to the overall time an individual has had credit accounts open, credit history is also determined by how long specific types of accounts have been open, and how long it’s been since those accounts have been used.

Quick Tips for Improving Credit History:

Get a secured credit card.

Backed by a cash deposit, a secured credit card can be an excellent low-risk way for those who have not had a credit card previously to start building credit.

Keep credit cards open.

Closing a credit card can negatively affect your score. If you have cards you aren’t using, placing a small recurring charge on them (such as a phone bill or streaming subscription) can help to keep the card active while keeping your overall credit utilization low.

4. Credit Mix (10%)

Credit mix is determined by looking at the types of credit you are carrying (this includes credit cards, retail accounts, installment loans, mortgage loans,etc.) as well as your payment history in each area.

Quick Tips for Improving Mix:

Explore loan options that work best for you.

Your credit mix isn’t the most impactful category, and you shouldn’t pursue loans unless they make sense for you and your personal needs. In fact, you may already have a fair credit mix—things like credit cards, personal loans, auto loans, and mortgage loans are all considered different types of credit.

Make sure you pay loans on time.

A good credit mix is moot if you aren’t making timely payments–ensure you are making at least the minimum payments on your outstanding loans each month.

5. New Credit (10%)

Research shows that opening several credit accounts in a short amount of time represents a more significant risk—especially for people who don’t have an established credit history.

Quick Tips for New Credit:

Open new credit accounts only as needed.

Every time you apply for a new credit card,this creates a hard inquiry on your credit,which will automatically lower your score. Having more credit than needed can also encourage unnecessary spending and lead to increased debt.

Understand how hard inquiries show upon your report for different types of loans.

While multiple inquiries over a short time frame for credit cards may result insignificant score damage, other types of inquiries—such as home or auto loans—are reported a little differently. Since lenders know people often shop around, these types of inquiries won’t hit your report for 30 days, and when they do,they’ll be counted as a singular inquiry.

So, there you have it. If you implement these tips, you should start to see a gradual increase in your credit score. Remember: Your credit score is based on patterns over time, with an emphasis on more recent information. Improving credit won’t happen overnight, but with persistence and consistency, your score should gradually improve over time!

Free Credit Report Review

Need some extra help navigating your credit report? GreenPath’s NFCC-certified credit counselors can walk you through a free review of your credit report. They’ll explain how to read the report and help you to make a plan for managing your credit score to support your goals.

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